Author(s)

Liu Yongsheng

Corresponding Author

Liu Yongsheng

Abstract

Hezhou is now Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture in Gansu Province, located in the southeast of Gansu Province. Historically, Hezhou and its surrounding Hehuang and Taomin areas have an important strategic position. The Central Plains Dynasty regarded them as "Northwest Pingfan", while the Tubo people regarded them as a bridge to the Central Plains. The ethnic relations here are complex and there are many Fan tribes, which make it extremely difficult to govern. This paper systematically expounds the integration of the Namafan nationality and its nationalities in Hezhou during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, as well as the policies of improving the land and returning to the mainland, governing the Tibetans by the land, and recruiting tea and horses. These ruling strategies began to successfully maintain effective rule over Hezhou and cut off the Mongolian-Tibetan ties. However, because the Namapan people were oppressed too heavily, which led to their escape, the gains and losses of these policies still have reference significance for us to rule minority areas today.

Keywords

Hezhou, Rural Participation, Tea-horse Trade, Tea-horse Recruitment, Namapan Nationality