Author(s)

He Yin, Bo Cui, Jiaying Xie

Corresponding Author

He Yin

Abstract

This paper investigates the ecological balance of agricultural ecosystems through dynamic modeling and numerical simulation. As global population growth drives the conversion of natural forests into agricultural land, ecosystems face significant disruptions. Chemical agents like herbicides and pesticides, while boosting crop yields, often lead to soil degradation and loss of biodiversity. This study employs the Lotka-Volterra equations to model the dynamic interactions among crops, pests, and natural predators such as bats and birds, considering seasonal variations and the impact of chemical use. Key indexes including Ecosystem Stability Index (ESI), Species Diversity Index (SDI), Land Fertility Index (LFI), and Agricultural Output Index (AYI) are defined to quantify the system's health. Numerical simulations using the Runge-Kutta method reveal the long-term effects of reducing chemical inputs and introducing beneficial species like bats and bees on ecosystem stability and agricultural productivity. The results highlight the trade-offs between short-term yield gains from chemicals and long-term sustainability, emphasizing the importance of organic farming practices in restoring ecological balance. This research provides theoretical foundations and practical insights for sustainable agricultural development, offering a balanced approach to managing agro-ecosystems for both ecological health and economic viability.

Keywords

Agricultural Ecosystems, Ecological Balance, Dynamic Modeling, Numerical Simulation, Sustainable Development