Author(s)

Haoxian He

Corresponding Author

Haoxian He

Abstract

There are many possible factors could finally lead to stroke which has a crucial influence on people ‘communication and brain function. People with diabetes, obesity, heart diseases and hypertension is in a risk of stroke[1]. Stroke is one of the most common diseases of elders and has a high incidence in the modern cities. Failure in delivering oxygen and nutrients to brain tissues, generating a irreversible damage. The number of cellular death is proportional to the time from stroke happen. Once the ‘ischemic core’ consists of tissue that receivers cerebral blood flow less than10mL/100g per minute, the majority of cell starting to apoptosis in couple minutes. [2]Reasons of causing the ischemic stroke mainly consist of atherothrombosis, cardiogenic embolism and Small Vessel Disease. The incidence of atherothrombosis could increase as a result of having diseases like diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, hyperfibrinogenemia and hypergammaglobulinemia. Those diseases could change the blood flow by lowering the shear stress. In that cause, once the blood has lower shear stress and flows slow as usual, it will causes rising up of the blood viscosity.[3] Blood with higher viscosity is tend to coagulate in narrow sites of the vessel and blot the vessel. Hence, oxygen or other nutrients can not transfers as planned and leads to brain damage. In past ten years, due to a stronger intervention of atherothrombosis from the society, the incidence of cardiogenic stroke has been rising. The atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common type of cardiogenic disease.[4] Its incidence is aged-associated .The elders are in a higher risk compared to the youth. Study has showed that non-AF associated stroke causes less than a half fatality rate. Furthermore, ischemic stroke related to AF is predisposed to recur more frequently and impacts a severe deficits of human function.[5] The initial symptom of AF is usually difficult to diagnose, thus the prevention of AF is normally be insufficient. The third essential reason of causing in the ischemic stroke is Small Vessel Disease (SVD).Cerebral Small Vessel Disease was found that has a great connection of ischemic or haemorrhagic stroke.[6]. Therapies against ischemic stroke existed today could majorcharacterized by Antiplatelet, Anticoagulation and Thrombolysis. The aim of this study is to review various routes to treat ischemic stroke.

Keywords

ischemic stroke; antiplatelet drug; anticoagulation; nerve protection