Author(s)

Zhudi He, Qiaodao Jiang, Zihan Wang

Corresponding Author

Zhudi He

Abstract

With the increasing demand for agricultural land, large-scale forest conversion has significantly disrupted natural ecosystems. This study evaluates the ecological implications of converting forests into agricultural land and assesses the feasibility and sustainability of organic agriculture through a series of dynamic models. By constructing a logistic growth-based agro-ecosystem model incorporating producers, consumers, and chemical effects, we investigated the impacts of herbicides, pesticides, and seasonal cycles on ecosystem stability. The models were solved using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method, revealing stable population dynamics and inter-species relationships. Further analysis included species regression modeling, demonstrating that reducing secondary consumers enhances stability. We then explored the effects of removing chemical inputs, which significantly restored insect populations and improved ecosystem resilience. Incorporating insectivorous bats and carnivorous birds into the food web showed effective pest control and further stabilized the system. Finally, we simulated an organic farming approach utilizing biological control agents such as probiotics and insecticidal bacteria, confirming increased biodiversity and reduced chemical dependency. This modeling framework supports informed decision-making for sustainable agriculture and highlights the ecological benefits of transitioning to organic practices.

Keywords

Agro-Ecosystems; Bat Model; Organic Agriculture; Logistic Growth Model